Vol. 5, Issue 1, Part A (2023)

B cells are central to the adaptive immune response, with their development and function playing critical roles in immunity, autoimmunity, and the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms governing B cell development, differentiation, and function. We explore the intricate signaling pathways, transcriptional networks, and epigenetic modifications that orchestrate B cell maturation from progenitor cells in the bone marrow to fully differentiated plasma cells and memory B cells. Additionally, we discuss the functional roles of B cells in antibody production, antigen presentation, and their involvement in immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases. By synthesizing current knowledge from molecular immunology, this review aims to enhance our understanding of B cell biology and its implications for therapeutic interventions in immunological disorders.